Introduction to Atorvastatin Atorvastatin is a widely prescribed medication belonging to the statin class of drugs, primarily known for its role in lowering blood cholesterol levels and reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases [1]. It functions by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which plays a crucial role in cholesterol synthesis in the liver [2]. While its primary…
Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition characterised by a gradual loss of kidney function over time. CKD affects millions of people worldwide and is a major public health concern due to its high prevalence, associated morbidity and mortality, and economic burden on healthcare systems. The kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste…
Introduction Radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy are two critical applications of radiation in medicine. While radiodiagnosis uses radiation to image the body’s internal structures for diagnostic purposes, radiotherapy employs radiation to treat various diseases, most notably cancer. This chapter delves into the history, principles, techniques, and advancements in these life-saving fields. The Discovery of X-rays and Radioactivity…