Introduction Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are medications used to treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. There are several classes of AEDs, each with different mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects. In this answer, we will discuss the classification of AEDs, along with examples of drugs in each class, their mechanism of…
Introduction It’s no secret that alcohol can significantly impact a person’s life, both physically and emotionally. When someone who has been consuming alcohol heavily or for an extended period decides to quit, they may experience a range of withdrawal symptoms. Depending on various factors, these symptoms can be mild, moderate, or severe. This article will…
Methanol, also known as wood alcohol, is a toxic substance that can cause severe health problems, including death if ingested or inhaled in large amounts. This article will discuss the symptoms of methanol poisoning and the appropriate management of this condition. Metabolism of Methanol Methanol is metabolized in the liver to formaldehyde by the enzyme…
Introduction Organophosphorus compounds are commonly used in agriculture and industry as pesticides and insecticides. These chemicals are highly toxic and pose significant health risks to humans and animals when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Organophosphorus compound poisoning is a serious public health concern that requires immediate attention and treatment. Causes Organophosphorus compound poisoning…
Introduction Atropine/belladonna poisoning is a potentially dangerous and life-threatening condition caused by ingesting or coming into contact with the toxic compounds found in plants like deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other related species. This article will explore the origins of atropine and belladonna, common causes of poisoning, symptoms to look out for, diagnosis, treatment options,…
Introduction Parasympatholytics, also known as anticholinergics, are a class of drugs that inhibit the actions of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine on parasympathetic nerve endings. These drugs can be classified based on their mode of action and target sites. This article will delve into the classification of parasympatholytics, individual drug pharmacological actions, clinical uses, adverse effects, atropine…
Introduction Have you ever wondered about the drugs that counteract the effects of the sympathetic nervous system? Sympatholytics, also known as adrenergic antagonists, are one such class of drugs. This article will dive into the classification, pharmacological actions, clinical uses, adverse effects, and contraindications of different types of sympatholytic drugs. So, let’s get started! Sympatholytics…
Introduction Parasympathomimetics, also known as cholinergic agonists, are a class of drugs that act on the parasympathetic nervous system. They are used to treat a variety of medical conditions by stimulating the activity of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in many physiological processes. This article explores the classification of parasympathomimetics, their individual pharmacological actions, clinical uses, adverse effects, and contraindications. Classification of Parasympathomimetics Parasympathomimetics are…
Sympathomimetics, also known as adrenergic agonists, are a group of drugs that mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. They activate the adrenergic receptors in the body and cause physiological responses similar to those of the sympathetic nervous system. Sympathomimetics are used in the treatment of various medical conditions such as asthma, hypotension, and…
Clinical pharmacokinetics is a branch of pharmacology that studies the clinical aspects of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs. In this article, we will explore key concepts in clinical pharmacokinetics, including plasma half-life, bioavailability, clearance, steady-state concentration, loading dose, maintenance dose, Elimination Kinetics and therapeutic index (TI). Plasma Half-Life The plasma half-life is defined…