Introduction to Antimicrobial Stewardship Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is a systematic approach aimed at promoting the appropriate use of antimicrobials to improve patient outcomes, reduce microbial resistance, and decrease the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms[1]. The Importance of Antimicrobial Stewardship AMS is crucial in the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a global health threat…
Introduction to SAR The field of medicinal chemistry is replete with examples of how subtle changes in the molecular structure of a compound can have profound effects on its biological activity. This concept, known as the structure-activity relationship (SAR), is a fundamental principle in drug discovery and development. In this article, we will delve into…
Sedative-hypnotics are a class of drugs that work on the central nervous system (CNS) to produce a calming or drowsy effect and are often prescribed for insomnia, anxiety, and seizure disorders. They can be classified into three main categories: benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and Z-drugs (non-benzodiazepine hypnotics). Here’s a brief overview of these classes, along with some…
Penicillins are a class of antibiotics commonly used to treat bacterial infections. They are part of the beta-lactam group of antibiotics, including cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams. Penicillins are named after their structure, which includes a four-membered beta-lactam ring. 1. Classification: Penicillins can be classified into several groups based on their spectrum of activity and resistance…
Antimicrobial agents can be broadly classified into six main categories: antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, antiprotozoals, anthelmintics, and antiseptics. Antibiotics can be classified into several classes based on their chemical structure, mechanism of action, and spectrum of activity. Some of the major classes include: a. Beta-lactams: Examples: Penicillins (e.g., amoxicillin, penicillin G), cephalosporins (e.g., cephalexin, ceftriaxone), and…
Introduction Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) are an important aspect of chemistry that has been applied in many fields, particularly in drug design. It is a scientific method used to understand the relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological activity. SAR provides a comprehensive understanding of how the structure of a molecule affects…
1. Introduction Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs and other body tissues. Various medications are available to manage CHF, which can help alleviate symptoms and improve the patient’s quality of life. This article will explore the classification…
Cephalosporins are a broad class of beta-lactam antibiotics closely related to penicillins in structure and function. They have been developed over time into five distinct generations, each with its unique antimicrobial spectrum and clinical applications. Here’s a detailed overview based on information from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and other reputable sources: Classification…
Antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat various types of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). They are classified into four main classes (Class 1, 2, 3, and 4) according to the Vaughan-Williams classification system. This system is based on its primary mechanism of action and electrophysiological effects on the heart. Class 1: Sodium channel blockers https://pharmacology.ijcrpp.com/sodium-channel-blockers-scbs/ Examples…
Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their interactions with living organisms. It encompasses various terms and concepts related to drug action, classification, and administration. Here are some common definitions and terms used in pharmacology: Drug: A chemical substance that interacts with the body to produce a physiological effect, either for therapeutic purposes, diagnostic purposes,…