Antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat various types of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). They are classified into four main classes (Class 1, 2, 3, and 4) according to the Vaughan-Williams classification system. This system is based on its primary mechanism of action and electrophysiological effects on the heart. Class 1: Sodium channel blockers https://pharmacology.ijcrpp.com/sodium-channel-blockers-scbs/ Examples…
Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their interactions with living organisms. It encompasses various terms and concepts related to drug action, classification, and administration. Here are some common definitions and terms used in pharmacology: Drug: A chemical substance that interacts with the body to produce a physiological effect, either for therapeutic purposes, diagnostic purposes,…
Sympathomimetics, also known as adrenergic agonists, are a group of drugs that mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. They activate the adrenergic receptors in the body and cause physiological responses similar to those of the sympathetic nervous system. Sympathomimetics are used in the treatment of various medical conditions such as asthma, hypotension, and…
Introduction Parasympathomimetics, also known as cholinergic agonists, are a class of drugs that act on the parasympathetic nervous system. They are used to treat a variety of medical conditions by stimulating the activity of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in many physiological processes. This article explores the classification of parasympathomimetics, their individual pharmacological actions, clinical uses, adverse effects, and contraindications. Classification of Parasympathomimetics Parasympathomimetics are…
Introduction Have you ever wondered about the drugs that counteract the effects of the sympathetic nervous system? Sympatholytics, also known as adrenergic antagonists, are one such class of drugs. This article will dive into the classification, pharmacological actions, clinical uses, adverse effects, and contraindications of different types of sympatholytic drugs. So, let’s get started! Sympatholytics…
Introduction Parasympatholytics, also known as anticholinergics, are a class of drugs that inhibit the actions of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine on parasympathetic nerve endings. These drugs can be classified based on their mode of action and target sites. This article will delve into the classification of parasympatholytics, individual drug pharmacological actions, clinical uses, adverse effects, atropine…
Introduction Atropine/belladonna poisoning is a potentially dangerous and life-threatening condition caused by ingesting or coming into contact with the toxic compounds found in plants like deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other related species. This article will explore the origins of atropine and belladonna, common causes of poisoning, symptoms to look out for, diagnosis, treatment options,…
Introduction Organophosphorus compounds are commonly used in agriculture and industry as pesticides and insecticides. These chemicals are highly toxic and pose significant health risks to humans and animals when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Organophosphorus compound poisoning is a serious public health concern that requires immediate attention and treatment. Causes Organophosphorus compound poisoning…
Methanol, also known as wood alcohol, is a toxic substance that can cause severe health problems, including death if ingested or inhaled in large amounts. This article will discuss the symptoms of methanol poisoning and the appropriate management of this condition. Metabolism of Methanol Methanol is metabolized in the liver to formaldehyde by the enzyme…
Introduction It’s no secret that alcohol can significantly impact a person’s life, both physically and emotionally. When someone who has been consuming alcohol heavily or for an extended period decides to quit, they may experience a range of withdrawal symptoms. Depending on various factors, these symptoms can be mild, moderate, or severe. This article will…