Methanol, also known as wood alcohol, is a toxic substance that can cause severe health problems, including death if ingested or inhaled in large amounts. This article will discuss the symptoms of methanol poisoning and the appropriate management of this condition. Metabolism of Methanol Methanol is metabolized in the liver to formaldehyde by the enzyme…
Introduction It’s no secret that alcohol can significantly impact a person’s life, both physically and emotionally. When someone who has been consuming alcohol heavily or for an extended period decides to quit, they may experience a range of withdrawal symptoms. Depending on various factors, these symptoms can be mild, moderate, or severe. This article will…
Mood Stabilizers: Effective Treatment for Mania and Bipolar Disorder Mood stabilizers are a class of drugs used to treat bipolar disorder, a mental health condition characterised by episodes of mania (elevated, irritable mood), depression, and sometimes psychosis. These medications work by balancing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine….
Understanding the action of drugs on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) can be simplified by drawing a comparison with the adrenaline/epinephrine-induced fight, flight, and fright response. This response, also known as the acute stress response, is the body’s physiological reaction to perceived harmful events, attacks, or threats to survival. To better comprehend the role of…
Oral drug absorption is a critical process that determines the efficacy and safety of a medication. The bioavailability of a drug depends on various factors, including physical properties, dosage forms, physiological factors, pharmacogenetic factors, and disease states. This article discusses these factors in detail to understand how they affect the absorption and bioavailability of orally…
Introduction to General Pharmacology General pharmacology covers the fundamental principles of pharmacology, including Drug discovery and development, Souces of Drugs, Dosage forms, Routes of drug administration, Pharmacokinetics, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Drug interactions and Adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Understanding these principles is crucial for healthcare professionals, researchers, and students to act safely and effectively using medications. Drug Discovery and Development https://pharmacology.ijcrpp.com/drug-discovery-and-development/ Drug…
Drug discovery and development is an intricate and multifaceted process that encompasses identifying, designing, and testing prospective new drugs. The primary objective is to discover secure and effective treatments for various ailments and conditions. This composition will delve into the various stages of drug design and screening and the several phases of clinical trials. Drug…
Pharmacokinetics, derived from the Greek words ‘pharmakon’ meaning drug, and ‘kinesis’ meaning movement, is the science that elucidates what the body does to a drug following administration. Pharmacokinetics is the study of how drugs move through the body. It includes processes like absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), which determine how much of the drug…
Pharmacodynamics is a branch of pharmacology that focuses on the study of how drugs interact with the body at the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels to produce their effects. It involves understanding the mechanisms of drug action (MOA), including drug-receptor interactions, signal transduction pathways, and the pharmacological effects of drugs. “What drug does to the…
Introduction Drugs can interact in various ways, leading to changes in the way they work and potential side effects. Understanding these interactions is essential to ensure the safe and effective use of medications. In this page, we’ll explore pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions, additive, synergistic, and antagonistic effects, as well as drug-food and drug-disease interactions. Pharmacokinetic…