Introduction Definition and Overview Halitosis refers to the presence of an unpleasant odor emanating from the oral cavity or pharynx, perceived by another person or, in some cases, by the individual themselves. The condition is highly prevalent, with estimates suggesting that up to 50 % of the adult population may experience some degree of halitosis during…
Introduction Definition and Overview A tooth abscess is a localized collection of pus that develops within the dental pulp, periapical tissues, or periodontal space as a result of bacterial infection. The condition is characterized by inflammation, tissue necrosis, and the formation of a cavity that may extend beyond the confines of the tooth root. Clinically,…
Introduction Gingivitis represents the earliest and most reversible stage of periodontal disease, characterized by inflammation of the gingival tissues in response to bacterial plaque accumulation. When left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, which involves the progressive destruction of the supporting alveolar bone and periodontal ligament, ultimately threatening tooth retention. The prevalence of gingivitis in…