As of the latest updates, the symptoms of COVID-19 have remained consistent even with the emergence of new variants like Eris (EG.5) and omicron BA.2.86. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other health authorities continue to monitor and report these symptoms. Here is a comprehensive list of symptoms individuals should watch for:…
Introduction to Precision Medicine Precision medicine is a revolutionary approach in healthcare that aims to tailor treatment and prevention strategies to individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle for each person. This concept contrasts with the ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach, where disease treatment and prevention strategies are developed for the average person with less consideration for the…
Introduction to Gene Editing Definition and Overview Gene editing is a method by which the DNA of living organisms is altered or modified. It involves cutting DNA strands at specific sequences and making changes like additions, deletions, or replacements at these locations. Brief History The history of gene editing traces back to the discovery of…
Introduction Nanomedicine is the medical application of nanotechnology, which ranges from the medical applications of nanomaterials and biological devices to nanoelectronic biosensors and even possible future applications of molecular nanotechnology such as biological machines. It seeks to deliver a valuable set of research tools and clinically useful devices in the near future. As the field…
Introduction Testosterone is a 19-carbon steroid hormone characterized by its lipophilic nature, allowing it to easily permeate cell membranes. It typically exists as a white or slightly creamy crystalline substance and is the precursor to several other critical hormones, including dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol. Mechanism of Action Testosterone’s effects are mediated through multiple pathways: Direct…
Introduction Propranolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist with the chemical structure (RS)-1-(isopropylamino)-3-(1-naphthyloxy)propan-2-ol. It is a lipophilic molecule with a high degree of protein binding, indicating its extensive distribution and tissue uptake. Mechanism of Action The drug’s primary action is the blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors, particularly β1 and β2 subtypes. This leads to: A decrease…
Introduction Pilocarpine is a notable muscarinic cholinergic agonist extracted from the leaves of the South American shrub Pilocarpus jaborandi. It has garnered attention primarily for its therapeutic applications in managing glaucoma and xerostomia, the latter often being a complication following radiation therapy for cancers in the head and neck region. Chemical Structure and Properties Pilocarpine…
As the world continues to navigate through the COVID-19 pandemic, updated data as of December 2023 highlights key developments in case statistics, variants, and vaccine responses. COVID-19 Current Statistics (as of December 2023) [1] Global Case Trends: A significant increase in the number of new COVID-19 cases has been observed globally, with a 52% uptick…
Introduction: COVID-19 continues to cast a long shadow, demanding constant adaptation and vigilance. While some countries embrace a “living with the virus” approach, the emergence of subvariants like JN.1 underscores the pandemic’s evolving nature. This article delves into the current COVID-19 landscape, covering statistics, variants, vaccines, and essential information to navigate this ever-changing terrain. Global…
Introduction Linezolid, a member of the oxazolidinone class of antibiotics, stands out for its efficacy against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Its introduction into clinical practice has provided a significant advancement in the treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), among others. Chemical Structure and Properties Chemically, Linezolid is known…