Pharmacology is the science of drugs, derived from the Greek words ‘pharmacon’ which means drug and ‘logos’ which means discourse. In the broadest sense, pharmacology deals with the interaction of exogenously administered chemical molecules with living systems. Any single chemical substance that can produce a biological response is referred to as a drug. Pharmacology encompasses…
All drugs are composed of chemical compounds, ranging from simple to complex molecules. While the majority of drugs are organic compounds, some are purely inorganic, such as lithium carbonate, ferrous sulphate, and magnesium hydroxide. Organic drugs can be weakly acidic (like aspirin and penicillin) or weakly basic (like morphine and chloroquine), or they can be…
Writing a research paper is a significant academic endeavor that contributes to the scholarly community’s understanding of various topics. This expanded guide provides a comprehensive, SEO-optimized approach to help you craft a compelling, methodologically sound, and well-organized research paper. 1. Choosing a Topic Scope and Significance: Ensure the topic you choose is broad enough to…
Drugs are obtained from various sources: Plants: Plants contain biologically active substances and are the oldest source of drugs. Medicinal plants have been used for centuries in traditional systems of medicine across the world, including opium, belladonna, ephedra, cinchona, curare, foxglove, sarpagandha, and qinghaosu. Plant-derived active ingredients fall into several categories, including: a. Alkaloids: alkaline…
Antimicrobial stewardship is a health care strategy focused on optimizing the use of antibiotics to reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance and improve patient outcomes. It involves the responsible prescribing, monitoring, and use of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial stewardship is important for healthcare providers, patients, and the community as a whole. It can…
Introduction Have you ever wondered how drugs get their names? It’s not a random process but a well-structured system known as drug nomenclature. This article will take you on a journey through the intricate world of drug naming, shedding light on the logic and science behind the names on your medicine bottles. Drug Nomenclature: Drug…
Key points in androgens and antiandrogens: GnRH Agonist and Antagonists Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be taken as medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before making any decisions related to medication or treatment.
Introduction In the vast world of healthcare, there’s a term that stands out for its significance – “Essential Medicines.” These are the drugs that satisfy the healthcare needs of the majority of the population. They are selected with due regard to disease prevalence, evidence on efficacy and safety, and comparative cost-effectiveness. But what exactly are…
Sildenafil is a medication used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It works by increasing blood flow to the penis and lungs, respectively, which helps to achieve and maintain an erection and improve exercise capacity in PAH patients. Sildenafil belongs to a class of drugs known as phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5)…
Introduction In the vast world of pharmaceuticals, understanding the various dosage forms of drugs is crucial. This article will delve into the different forms, their significance, and how they impact the effectiveness of medications. We’ll also use a flowchart to simplify the complex process of drug formulation. So, let’s embark on this journey of discovery…