Introduction Definition and Overview Male pattern baldness, also referred to as androgenetic alopecia, is a common, progressive form of hair loss that typically follows a characteristic pattern of receding frontal hairline and vertex thinning. The condition is characterized by follicular miniaturization, resulting in thinner, shorter, and less pigmented hairs. The disorder affects a substantial proportion…
Introduction Definition and Overview Low testosterone is defined as a serum total testosterone concentration that falls below the lower reference limit for the adult male population, typically < 300 ng/dL (10.4 nmol/L) in most laboratory assays. When accompanied by a compatible symptom profile, the condition is often referred to as androgen deficiency or hypogonadism. The…
Introduction Definition and Overview Low testosterone, also referred to as male hypogonadism, denotes a state in which circulating concentrations of testosterone fall below the reference range for healthy adult males. This condition can arise from primary or secondary etiologies, leading to a spectrum of clinical manifestations that may affect physical, psychological, and metabolic domains. The…
Introduction Definition and Overview Prostate cancer warning signs refer to the constellation of clinical manifestations, laboratory abnormalities, and imaging findings that may indicate the presence of malignant transformation within the prostate gland. These signs, while not pathognomonic, provide essential clues that enable early detection, risk stratification, and timely therapeutic intervention. The prostate, a small exocrine…
Introduction Definition and Overview Prostate cancer refers to malignant proliferation of epithelial cells within the prostate gland. The disease is characterized by uncontrolled growth, potential for local invasion, and the capacity to spread to regional lymph nodes and distant organs. The most common presentation involves urinary symptoms and, in advanced stages, skeletal metastasis. Recognition of…
Introduction Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the persistent or recurrent inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. It is a multifactorial condition encompassing physiological, psychological, and lifestyle determinants. Historically, references to impotence appear in ancient medical texts, yet systematic classification and pharmacologic intervention emerged only in the late twentieth…